Oxygen is one of those things we take completely for granted.

Oxygen is not optional

Every cell in your dog’s body requires oxygen to produce energy.  Cells use oxygen as the final electron acceptor in a chain of chemical reactions that converts glucose into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the molecule that powers virtually every active process in the body: muscle contraction, tissue repair, brain function, immune response, nerve signalling, digestion, and cellular maintenance.¹

Without adequate oxygen, cells can’t complete this process efficiently.  They can switch to anaerobic glycolysis, an alternative oxygen-independent pathway, for short periods, but this comes at a cost.  It is slower, produces far less ATP per unit of glucose, and generates acidic byproducts that accumulate and disrupt normal cellular function.  The body isn’t designed to run on this backup system for long.

“Breathing normally tells you that oxygen is entering the body. It does not tell you whether that oxygen is reaching the tissues that need it most, in the concentration required, at the time it is needed.”

This distinction matters because oxygen entering the body and oxygen reaching the tissues that need it are two very different things.  The rest of this article explores what happens between those two points.

Where oxygen goes when it enters the body

From breath to blood

When your dog inhales, oxygen crosses the thin membrane of the alveoli in the lungs and binds to haemoglobin in the red blood cells.  Haemoglobin carries it through the cardiovascular system and releases it into tissues as blood flows through the capillaries. How efficiently that happens depends on several factors, including blood flow, haemoglobin levels, and the condition of the receiving tissue.

Healthy, well-perfused tissue with good blood flow receives oxygen reliably.  Tissue that is inflamed, compressed, poorly vascularised, or damaged doesn’t.  Inflammatory processes can alter microcirculation and increase tissue swelling, restricting oxygen delivery at exactly the moment the tissue most needs it to heal.²

Why some tissues receive less than others

Not all tissues are equal when it comes to oxygen delivery.  The heart and brain are served by dense vascular networks and receive priority supply.  Peripheral tissues such as tendons, ligaments and subcutaneous fat are less richly supplied and tend to be the first to feel the effects when oxygen availability is compromised anywhere in the system.

Cartilage is a particularly instructive example.  Adult articular cartilage is avascular, meaning it has no direct blood supply and relies on diffusion from synovial fluid and surrounding tissues for oxygen and nutrients.³ Chondrocytes, the cells responsible for maintaining cartilage, are well adapted to this naturally low-oxygen environment.  The issue isn’t that cartilage needs more oxygen, it’s that it depends on a carefully regulated oxygen tension.  When that balance is disrupted, whether through inflammation, altered joint mechanics, or abnormal changes in oxygen availability, chondrocyte metabolism can be impaired and cartilage breakdown can follow over time.  Balance, in other words, is everything.^3,4

The body’s oxygen sensor

Your dog’s body doesn’t simply accept whatever oxygen is available and make do.  It has a sensing mechanism that monitors oxygen levels in tissue and responds when they fall.  The key molecule in this system is HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha), which has been identified and studied in dogs as well as humans.^4,5

When tissue oxygen drops below a certain threshold, HIF-1α is activated, triggering a cascade of responses designed to increase oxygen delivery: stimulating the growth of new blood vessels, adjusting cellular metabolism, and regulating the inflammatory response.  In the short term, this is a healthy adaptation and part of how the body initiates healing and responds to physical stress.^4,5

The problem arises when this system is chronically activated.  When tissue oxygen is persistently dysregulated, not because of an acute event but because of ongoing inflammation, poor circulation, or cumulative physical load, it can impair the very processes it was designed to protect. Too little oxygen and tissue repair stalls. Too much, in the wrong context, and the regulatory system itself becomes disrupted. It is the balance that matters, not simply the presence of oxygen.^3,4,5

The oxygen picture in everyday dogs

This is where it becomes relevant to your dog, not just as a biological concept.

Many dogs seen in clinical practice may not be operating at their full capacity for repair, recovery and resilience. Not because they’re seriously ill, but because the demands placed on their tissues, including exercise, age, mild chronic inflammation and suboptimal hydration, can create a cumulative picture where oxygen availability at a tissue level simply isn’t where it could or should be. The dog appears well, they eat, they play, they carry on like everything is fine, but at a cellular level the conditions for efficient repair and recovery may be quietly falling short.

In younger, highly active dogs this is often compensated for by sheer cardiovascular fitness and recovery capacity. In older dogs, in dogs with any degree of chronic inflammation or joint disease, in dogs carrying extra weight, in dogs exposed to heat and humidity, and in dogs competing at high intensity without enough recovery time between sessions, the gap can become more significant. It rarely produces obvious symptoms, but it consistently shapes how efficiently the body repairs, how quickly it recovers, and how well it holds together over time.

What optimal oxygen availability actually looks like.

Optimal oxygen availability isn’t about flooding the body with more of something it already has. It’s about ensuring that the tissues that need it most are receiving it reliably, in adequate concentration, and in a form they can use, while preserving the delicate balance of oxygen tension in tissues like cartilage that depend on it.

That means good cardiovascular function, adequate hydration, appropriate bodyweight, and movement that supports circulation without creating the kind of inflammatory load that then restricts oxygen delivery. We’ll return to the question of how oxygen bioavailability can be actively supported in a later article.

And one of the biggest factors influencing oxygen delivery is something most owners rarely think about correctly, hydration. In the next article we’ll look at why drinking enough water and being genuinely hydrated at a cellular level are not necessarily the same thing.

Did you know, that when a dog feels excessive and prolonged stress or anxiety, it can cause actual physical pain?

Spare a thought for our rescue dogs whose whole world has been turned upside down.  Try to imagine how heightened their emotional pain feels when added to existing chronic pain.

What Does Pain Mean for Rescue Dogs?

You could argue it’s easier to spot the signs of pain in your own dog because you already know all of their little nuances, what’s normal and what’s not.

With a rescue dog however, this can be more challenging because you might not have any previous history and you’ve yet to get to know this latest furry addition to your family, as you welcome them into their furever home.

To appreciate why there might be a difference in the pain experienced by a rescue dog versus a dog that you’ve nurtured from a puppy, we need to understand that emotional pain causes actual physical pain.  Whatever the environment those dogs came from they will still experience emotional upheaval.

If you’d like to dig a little deeper into this subject I recommend Loesers Pain Model 1980, illustrated below, as a start point.

just The sensation of pain is based on a perception involving many factors, not least of which is the social environment a dog finds themselves in, and their past experiences.

Rescue centres do a wonderful job but from a dogs perspective they are a new environment, with new routines, there are new people, new sounds, new smells, new food, new dogs.  It can simply cause sensory overload and many dogs struggle to cope.  You may have heard people say that some dogs simply shut down.

Even when these dogs are rescued by those very special, new pet parents, and brought to live in the most wonderful loving homes there is still a period of emotional adjustment.

Remember your home is also a new environment, with a new routine, there are new people, new sounds, new smells, new food, and possibly new pets.

It’s amazing how cleverly our dog’s bodies adapt to cope with changes in their emotional, physical and biological environments.  This coping mechanism works so well that signs of pain often go undetected.

Why Do Dogs Hide Pain?

It’s thought that dogs hide pain so as not to disclose any weaknesses which could make them vulnerable.  It’s a natural survival instinct.

Some people describe their rescue dogs as being stoic, but in reality, they may be suffering from chronic pain in silence, hidden beneath the instinctive, will to remain safe.

Some also say that dogs in general have a higher tolerance for pain.

But do they?  Or do they just relay pain signals using a different language?

Do Many Rescue Dogs Suffer Pain?

It’s difficult to know how many rescue dogs suffer from pain.  What we can say with a degree of certainty is that dogs of all ages, breeds, and abilities will experience pain at some point in their lives.

How to Tell if  Your Rescue Dog is in Pain

There are a huge number of signs that any dog is in pain or discomfort.  These are a few.

• Loss of appetite
• Refusal to drink water
• Excessive urination
• Sustained Diahorreah
• Vomitting
• Gum colour change (pale or blue)
• Change in temperature
• excessive panting/drooling (not exercise related)

Common Signs of Musculoskeletal Pain:

• Limping or lameness
• Stiffness on the move
• Appear old before their time
• Reluctance to jump
• Slowing down on a walk
• Arching back, known as roaching or a dipped back known as swayback
• The back leg/knee sticking out to the side in a sit
• Twitching skin down their back
• Sudden snapping at other dogs/people
• Self-mutilation.  E.g. Nibbling their back end.
• Noise sensitivity, anxiety

If you are worried at all about the health of your dog, speak with your vet immediately! 

What Can You Do To Reduce the Risk of Musculoskeletal Injury?

*Clinical Massage is a results-driven, clinically proven therapy used to release tight sore muscles, reduce pain, anxiety and stress levels, and improve mobility, giving you healthier, happier dogs!

“her desire to walk dropped to zero followed by catastrophic muscle loss – we were seriously considering putting her to sleep”

How I Came to Know Jessie

I first met Jessie many years ago when Dr Steve Humphreys, agreed that I could massage Jessie as one of my case studies, helping me to complete the 2 year Clinical Canine Massage Practitioner Programme.  Jessie is a rescue, and thought to be a Border / Wire Fox Terrier cross.  At the time she was likely around 4 years old.

Incidentally, Jessie taught me a lesson they don’t teach you in class.  Because massage triggers the rest and digest response, dogs will pay you little “compliments” when you least expect them.

In Jessies case, phew, thank goodness for windows.

An Odd Gait

Jessies mum and dad hadn’t noticed any particular issues but during the consultation they mentioned that when she ran she would throw her back left leg out to the side.

During this consultation which included a series of questions about Jessies every day activities, home environment, gait and postural analysis, I found that Jessie was very tight around her back legs and mid to lower back.  She was also compensating around her neck and shoulders.

After just one treatment Jessie was already more mobile and happier.

But, after the three recommended treatments this odd gait irregularity hasn’t returned.  Her mum noticed that her footfall pattern in the sand on her beach walks was straight and even.

We were amazed that Angela was able to instantly build rapport and trust with Jessie (and with us!), so that she would allow Angela to manipulate her tissues, etc, even when it was uncomfortable for her.

Jessie came back regularly, twice a year for her maintenance massage just to keep her nice and supple.

What Happened Next Was a Total Shock

Several years later I received a call from Jessies dad while they were away on holiday.  He told me that Jessie couldn’t use her legs properly, she was really wobbly and sometimes falling over.  I told them to contact a local vet immediately for an opinion and take a few seconds of video to show to the vet in case they needed to refer to Jessies own vet back home.

The Vets Conducted Thorough Investigations

The holiday vet was unsure as to what was going on and referred Jessie back to her own vet.  Of course, mum and dad cut the holiday short and drove straight back.  Jessie was immediately referred to Dick Whites a phenomenal specialist referral centre in Newmarket where Jessie underwent a series of tests: Muscle nerve biopsy, Xrays, MrI’s and blood tests.

Jessie then suffered critical muscle loss.  But despite the tests unfortunately the reason for this event was no clearer.

Jessie had developed a highly fatigable gait with aII four legs affected, which manifested very suddenly” “Her desire to go for a walk dropped to zero, along with her ability to jump, climb stairs and walk with any pace.  This of a dog that we normally couldn’t tire post two 4-5 mile walks a day was incredibly distressing.   A short period of no exercise was followed by catastrophic muscle and weight loss over her whole body. We were seriously considering having her put to sleep!

With Vet Consent I Continued to Support Jessie and Her Family

I have never witness muscle loss like it.  It was very distressing to Jessie like this but had to remain focused on getting her better.  At this stage without a diagnosis, I didn’t know what would help. 

With the kind permission of Dick White Referrals I supported Jessie with massage and gentle sustained exercises to rebuild muscle and muscle memory, and was there for her mum and dad through what was a very tough couple of months for them.  I just wanted to be there for them, to reassure them, to help, or even just offer an outlet when they needed to talk over next steps.

In combination with diagnostics at Dick White Referrals, Angela worked in a very kind, gentle and consistent way with Jessie.  She explained everything she did in a way that we understood and trusted.

 

Angela supported us for months during Jessie’s’ rehabilitation with advice on regular exercises we could do at home as well as making herself available when we needed urgent appointments.

She really helped raise our confidence through the exercises and therapy she conducted that Jessie’s health could indeed return to normal.  We are very pleased to report, that our little doggies health has been restored and that it is clearly sustainable.

As a result of experience with Angela Day we have had no hesitation in recommending her to friends and family with dogs that can benefit from her skills and knowledge.

Drs Mandy and Steve Humphreys

So How is Jessie Now?

And…… she is still, without doubt, the most “complimentary” dog I’ve ever massaged.  and I wouldn’t change that for the world! 

Are You Worried About How To Manage Your Dogs Pain Long Term?

I may be able to help.

I’m Angela Day owner of Born to Run based in Suffolk.  I’m a Canine Massage Practitioner, Clinical Trials Contributor, IRVAP, IAAT & Canine Massage Guild member, plus CCA Licensed Coach.

Massage is a results-driven, clinically proven therapy, used to release tight sore muscles, reduces pain, and improve mobility, giving you healthier, happier dogs!

If you’d like to chat about any concerns you have I’d love to hear from you. Click here to get in touch.

Not in Suffolk?  Don’t worry we have a national network of clinical therapists ready to help you.  Find your closest therapist on the IRVAP, IAAT or Canine Massage Guild Register

Angela Day,   MCICM (grad), CM (Dip), MIAAT, MIRVAP (MT)

“Clinical Canine Massage Significantly Reduces Pain Severity in Dogs”,

Study by University of Winchester Finds

You love your dog and want him or her to live their best possible life, right?  It’s only natural to want to make sure that your dog feels well.  Although, sometimes it’s really difficult to know for sure if they do.  But, there are everyday clues to understanding pain in dogs.  We just need to know what we’re looking for when observing them go about their daily business.

In this guide, I’ll take you through some of the subtle and most common signs that may mean your dog is experiencing musculoskeletal pain.

Did you know Muscles pull on bones to produce movement?

In order to understand the impacts of pain on your dog’s movement and activity levels, it’s important to appreciate that it’s the muscles that produce movement in the body.  Not only that, but we need to also understand just how much of your dog’s body is actually made up of muscle.

This step-by-step guide highlights some of the most common and often overlooked, indicators of pain in dogs.  But before we look at these let’s first understand what pain is and why it exists.

What is Pain?

Well, the first thing to understand is that pain is very normal and it doesn’t discriminate.  Dogs of all ages, breeds, and abilities will experience pain at some point in their lives.

So, in a nutshell, pain is the body’s defence mechanism, a feeling, and even though it’s an unpleasant feeling, it helps to keep your dog safe from harm.

Pain is both powerful and effective because it changes how your dog moves, thinks, and behaves.

So, when the brain genuinely “perceives” the body is at risk of harm, it sends out signals to make the “at risk” area of the body hurt.  It then ensures the body takes evasive action, for example taking the weight off an injured leg.

How Long Does Pain Last?

Well of course, that totally depends on the manner of the threat to the body whether a disease, an illness, an emotion, an injury, or trauma.  But, what I can tell you is that there are generally two timelines used to describe pain; acute or chronic.

So, what do these terms mean for your dog?

What Is Acute Pain?

Acute pain comes on very suddenly like a “pulled” or strained muscle and could potentially last up to 6 months.

It’s generally expected that acute pain disappears once the injury has healed, or the illness which caused the pain has gone away.

What is Chronic Pain?

Chronic pain usually lasts longer than 6 months.

So, even though an injury may have healed, pain could continue for months or even years.  E.g. because osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition, this would cause chronic pain.

Let’s quickly recap what we’ve covered so far;

• Between 45 – 55% of your dogs body is made up of muscle.
• Muscle pulls on bones and it’s muscle that produces movement
• Pain is a normal but powerful survival instinct
• Pain changes how your dog moves, thinks and behaves
• Acute or chronic describes how long your dog’s pain lasts
• The central nervous system controls pain   – and phew, we’re not going down that road today!

Pain In Dogs: How Can I Tell If My Dog Is In Pain?

It’s amazing how cleverly our dog’s bodies adapt to cope with any changes in their muscular or skeletal environment.  But these adaptations, such as overcompensation, can disguise how your dog really feels.

So, if they hide it so well, how will you know your dog is in pain?

There are some key areas widely recognised in the veterinary world to consider when assessing your dog for pain.

Here are 5 of them.  Movement, posture, activities of daily living, character or behavioural changes, and for the working, service, or sport dog this would include the dog’s willingness to perform.

Before we dive into these 5 key areas, please bear the following in mind.  Notable changes are changes that are not normal for your dog,  whether these are gradual or sudden.

Signs of Pain in Dogs

1. How a dog moves

This is called their gait, and Gait is the dynamic movement of your dog.  Gait terminology is a whole language all of its own.  Specific terms such as walk, trot, and canter are widely used in the show world, and by vets and musculoskeletal therapists.  But it’s just a way of describing the type of movement and the speed at which your dog moves.

These are 5 of the most common movement changes caused by pain.

• Limping or lameness
• Crabbing, pacing, etc,.
• Stiffness on the move
• Hopping or skipping
• Slowing down on a walk

2. Posture

As opposed to gait, these are things you’ll notice when your dog is stood still.  This could be in a stand, a down, or a sit.  Here are some of the changes things you might see if your dog is experiencing pain.

• Your dog may have an arched back, Which is called roaching or kyphosis, or maybe they have a back that dips in the middle which is called swayback or lordosis.  This incidentally is a very common indicator of a weak core.
• You may see coat/fur changes; the coat flicking up or zig zagging unusually in new areas
• Your dog may only lay to one side in a down
• Their back leg/knee may stick out to the side when they sit
• You might see twitching skin down your dogs back

3. Changes In Daily Activities 

No one knows their dog better than you, right?

Changes in your dog’s ability to perform daily activities is when you should sit up and take notice!

If your dog does things every day without a problem, you will notice when those things become more difficult, challenging, or just plain painful for your dog.  Most people brush it off.  

Although you might not feel these things are relevant, they could prove invaluable to your vet or therapist in determining the source of pain.  I wonder if you’ve noticed any of these?

Does your dog :

• Appear old before their time
• Groan getting up or lying down
• Drop to the floor with a bump ( This is indicative of a weak core)
• Seem unable to get on the sofa or climb stairs
• Slow down, lag behind or refuse to go on walks
• Have difficulty defecating without moving in circles or your male dog may squat to pee

4. Behavioural Changes

Sudden changes in your dog’s behaviour or demeanor are a huge clue to the presence of pain.  Speaking with experienced behaviourists I discovered that up to 80% of “out of character aggression” cases referred to them were found to be pain-related behaviours.  I suspect this number could be higher.  Here are some of the changes you may see as described by behaviourists and vets:

• Sudden snapping at other dogs or even people
• Not happy to be groomed
• Self-mutilation.  Your dog may nibble at their back end, back, wrist or even pull on their tail.
• Lick granuloma. Excessive licking in one particular area until it becomes raw.  This then often leads to infection.  Which is treated, but the underlying soft tissue issue isn’t resolved.
• As I saw with my elderly husky who was bulletproof until his last year with us, he became noise-sensitive, and anxious.  Very often pain in dogs can also manifest in them becoming withdrawn.

5. Unwilling To Work

Dog sports enthusiasts and handlers of working dogs know when there are changes in performance, that something isn’t “right”.

Here are a couple of indicators commonly reported from each sector.

• Agility:  Dogs will knock poles, move into the weaves all wrong, or come out of the weaves early.  They will measure at jumps or leap over them like they’re 2oft high or 20ft long or take them too wide.
• Running randomly around a competition or training arena in “excitement”???

Sorry, no that’s displacement, anything to avoid the anticipation of discomfort or pain.  (I know for many that viewpoint will be a trigger).

In a trained agility dog, your dog is not being naughty it’s the number one way they know how to communicate their discomfort and pain to you.

• Cani-cross/Sled dogs: Early-onset fatigue, reluctance to get into harness, throwing a leg.
• Gundogs:  Early-onset fatigue, retrieval issues, reluctance to get in the vehicle.
• Flyball:  Turning wide on the box, slower times missing/avoiding hurdles.
• Service Dogs:  Reluctance to get in the vehicle, early-onset fatigue, lack of drive poor work ethic.

What Can You Do To Reduce The  Risk of Injury and Pain In Your Dog?

So you think your dog may be in pain?

If this article has made you recognise changes in your own dog, don’t panic. Many of the signs we’ve discussed can have different causes, but they’re all worth paying attention to. The earlier problems are recognised, the sooner you can seek appropriate advice and support.

Continue Your Learning

If you’d like to understand what those changes might mean, and learn how to spot problems before they become painful, expensive or life-limiting, I’d love to welcome you into The Canine Advocates.

Inside you’ll learn The Healthy Dog Method™, my evidence-based approach to helping dog owners recognise subtle changes, understand what they’re seeing, and make more confident decisions about their dog’s health.

👉 Join The Canine Advocates

Need Personal Help?

If you’re worried about your own dog, or you’d like personalised support following an injury, diagnosis or surgery, you can also work with me directly.

👉 Work with Angela

Cruciate Ligament Injury In Dogs

I used to think that cruciate injury was a human problem.   You know, one of those injuries responsible for benching a footballer for the season.  But it’s really common in dogs too.

Even though a ligament is a ligament in structure, humans and dogs tend to injure theirs in different ways.  How so?  Well, in humans, cruciate damage is usually caused by sudden physical trauma, for example, as a result of a sports injury.

In dogs, disease more commonly causes cruciate injury than sudden trauma.  So, this means over time diseased ligaments fray, and become ropey and weak. In these cases, even a small amount of force can rupture the ligament.

What Are These Things They Call Cruciate Ligaments?

Ligaments are incredibly, strong, fibrous tissues that connect bone to bone all over the body.  They are designed to limit movement.  In other words, they stabilise the movement of the bones which they connect.

Cruciate ligaments are found in the knee, or stifle, as it’s known in the dog, and they help to stabilise the stifle joint.  They even have their own names.  The cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) and the caudal cruciate ligament (CaCL).

Do you know damage to a ligament is called a sprain?  Therefore, cruciate ligament damage is actually a sprain, and yet we throw the word sprain around like it’s no big deal.  Sprains are really painful and are graded according to the level of severity of the damage they’ve suffered.

There Are 4 Grades of Sprain

I   :   Minimal tear

Ok, so we’ve covered what a ligament is, where the cruciate ligaments are, what they do, that they have fancy names, that in dogs a cruciate injury is thought more likely to be caused by disease, and that there are 4 grades of injury.

What does the science say about the likelihood of my dog sustaining a cruciate rupture?

Factors Contributing to Cruciate Disease

Over Exercising.  Exercising a dog to the point of exhaustion is not conducive to maintaining healthy joints, muscles, tissue nor is it helpful for a dog’s emotional wellbeing.

Early Neuter/Spay    Research has found that early neuter/spay has a negative effect on the development of ligaments, bones, and joints.

Hormonal Imbalance   Could this be connected to early neuter/spay?

My Thoughts…..

Could early neuter/spay have a bigger part to play in the disease of the cruciate ligaments than we think?

And….  If the weight and breed of our dogs are contributing factors, could cruciate injury also be a mechanical failure of the stifle joint due to the size of the breed and their leg shape?

How Do You Know Your Dog Has A Cruciate Injury? 

• Sudden crying out in pain
• Lameness/hobbling
• Can’t weight bear on the affected leg
• Swelling – heat – inflammation
• Lagging behind on a walk
• Doesn’t want to straighten the leg
• Sitting with the leg sticking out to one side

The Diagnosis

Your Vet will manually test the knee for excess movement.  Sometimes X-rays are also used to find the cause of pain, instability, and or lameness.

It’s Confirmed!  Cruciate Injury, What Next?

Well, that depends on the grade of injury.

Your Vet will recommend the best way forward.  The decision will be based on your dog’s medical history, the grade of sprain, age, weight, fitness, health, and lifestyle.

Grades I & II may be managed conservatively with anti-inflammatories, weight control,  physiotherapy, clinical massage etc,.

Grades III & IV will need surgery.

The most common cruciate surgeries performed in the UK today are the tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA), and tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO).

Cruciate Injury Surgical Options

   Image Credit: Fitzpatrick Referrals

Fitzpatrick Referrals website is a brilliant resource if you’d like to know more about cruciate surgery procedures and they also have helpful videos too.

What Can You Do To Limit the Risk of Sprain?

There are more factors involved in cruciate injuries in dogs than sudden trauma to the joint.

Here are 5 quick wins that you can control which will help your dog to avoid injury

1   –    Don’t over-exercise your dog

2   –    Keep them a healthy weight

3   –    Keep the muscles around the joints mobile, supple, strong, and healthy.

4   –    Cover slippy floors at home!!!

5   –    Stop Ball Launching

Are You Worried About How To Help Your Dog Long Term?

I may be able to help.

I’m Angela Day and I founded Born to Run based in Suffolk.

I’m a Small Animal Rehab specialist, Canine Massage Practitioner and Core Conditioning Instructor.  Core conditioning is an incredible low impact means to keep your dog fit for life and help prevent injury.

Rehabilitation and Massage treatments combined successfully release tight sore muscles, reducing pain, and improving mobility helping dogs return to full function after surgery.

If you’d like to chat about any concerns you have about your dog I’d love to hear from you. Click here to get in touch.

Angela Day,   MCICM (grad), CM (Dip), MIAAT, MIRVAP (MT)